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Jacques DelorsJacques Delors, Former European Union Commission
President, piloted the most ambitious programme of integration in Europe's
history, culminating in the single market and the single currency. The Jacques Delors Institute A group of leading economists and thinkers for the Jacques Delors Institute warned in a seminal report last year that EMU states will have to accept a supra-national system with a pooling of debts - anathema to the creditor bloc of Germany, Finland, Holland and Austria. “At some point in the future, Europe will be hit by a new economic crisis. We do not know whether this will be in six weeks, six months or six years. But in its current set-up the euro is unlikely to survive that coming crisis,” they said. Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, 3 April 2017 Det var något överraskande att på EU-toppmötet den 4 februari behöva påpeka The last time EU leaders met, in early February, a Franco-German proposal for a competitiveness pact was thrust upon them. The writers are a former prime minister of Belgium; and two former presidents of the European Commission The Commission was envisaged 60 years ago to oversee and enforce commonly agreed decisions. Instead of the competitiveness pact, EU leaders should adopt a “Community Act”. Jacques Delors, the European Commission president who presided over the creation of a single market in the 1980s, said frankly: Delors, 81, hopes the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome will give member states new impetus in building the E.U TIME: You have said that Europe risks unraveling. Why? Time Magazine 22/3 2007 I had not imagined we would be 27 members. In the 1960s I thought we would grow a little. Though they were under authoritarian regimes, I thought Greece, Spain and Portugal would one day join us. But I didn't know the Berlin Wall would fall. Why do some member states oppose Turkey's E.U. entry? Are you disappointed that candidates in the current French presidential campaign rarely mention the E.U.?
I have been working for 63 years. For a country with a retirement age of 60, that's not bad, huh? Jacques Delors: Asked if he puts the chances
of the effective collapse of the EU as Like so many patriotic Americans, believers in the cause of European unity talk reverentially of the founding fathers: such men as Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman, Paul-Henri Spaak and others, who laid the foundations of the modern European Union in the aftermath of the second world war. In the 1980s a new generation of builders of Europe emerged: Helmut Kohl, the German chancellor, François Mitterrand, the French president and, perhaps above all, Jacques Delors. As president of the European Commission between 1985 and 1995, Mr Delors drove the establishment first of the single market and then of the treaty that led to a single European currency. Today's European Union is so much his creation that the best biography of Mr Delors calls the EU the house that Jacques built. But the master-builder now seems rather worried about the stability of his own construction. In an interview to mark the publication of his autobiography, Mr Delors argued that we're at a serious turning-point for Europe. In his view, the European Union must find a realistic way of working with 27-plus members, or else the three big countriesperhaps tomorrow, four or fivewill remove their cards from the table and choose to play alone. And that will be the end of the dream of the fathers of Europe. Such an event, says Mr Delors, would in effect mark the end of the European Union; and it is by no means a remote possibility. Asked if he puts the chances of the effective collapse of the EU as high as 50%, he replies simply: Yes. The only way out of the danger, he argues, is to allow smaller groups of countries to forge ahead with deeper integration and their own forms of co-operation, if they so desire. It is the privilege of old men to warn the next generation of the pitfalls that lie ahead. But, in conversation, Mr Delors is at pains to avoid belittling his successors. He even apologises if he appears to be stressing his own achievements. It would be a mistake to dismiss Mr Delors's warnings as just another fit of histrionics, however. His worry that the EU could fall apart under the strain of enlargement is widely shared, even if none of today's EU leaders expresses such concerns so bluntly. Mr Delors's anxiety also reflects a peculiarly French worry about enlarging the Union from its present membership of 15 countries to 25 in May, with more coming. The French elite has become used to dominating the Union, never more so than in the heyday of Mr Delors, and it is clearly anxious that enlargement could spell an end to this happy arrangement. The elite's anxieties have transmitted themselves to the general public; opinion polls show stronger hostility to EU enlargement in France than in any of the other 14 member countries. He regrets the failure of European leaders to embrace his idea of establishing a European confederation, which would have offered the countries of central Europe a high level of political co-operation with the rest of the EU, but delayed full integration until many years hence. Jacques Delors är stolt över
sin insats för Europa, men verkar i dag bitter och sårad över
hur arvegodset förskingras Även om Jacques Delors, snart 79, vore 30 år yngre så skulle han inte i dagens EU-krets kunna driva igenom 1980- och 1990-talets stora projekt, den gemensamma inre marknaden och den gemensamma valutan. För 15-20 år sedan kunde han med tur och skicklighet utnyttja några lyckliga historiska omständigheter. Den parentensen är stängd. Det framgår med all önskvärd tydlighet av Jacques Delors nyutkomna memoarer. Till de tursamma tillfälligheterna hörde att Delors i regel hade säkert stöd hos tre tunga politiker: Helmut Kohl, Francois Mitterrand och Felipe Gonzales. Lika säkert kunde han alltid antagonisera Margaret Thatcher eller John Major, med påföljd att han till slut även fick över de flesta vankelmodiga på sin sida. Alliansen Kohl-Mitterrand-Gonzales-Delors drev ett gemensamt projekt för Europa som samtidigt var både pragmatiskt och visionärt, en balanserad politisk treenighet: förstärkt konkurrens, samarbete och solidaritet. Marknadernas liberalisering, rättsgemenskapens utveckling och regionalstödets flerdubbling i ett och samma paket. När dagens EU går i baklås så beror det bland annat på att denna treenighet inte längre respekteras, anser Delors. Projektet genomfördes med gemenskapsmetoden, med EU-kommissionen som den pådrivande, medlande och övervakande instansen. Metoden fungerar effektivt om regeringarna har politisk vilja att utnyttja den. Den viljan fanns i regel på Delors tid, men i dag är den svag eller obefintlig. Det är en annan del av förklaringen till varför dagens EU går i baklås, konstaterar Jacques Delors. I memoarerna ger Delors en bred översikt över sina framgångar och besvikelser som finansminister i Frankrike (1981-84) och som ordförande i EU-kommissionen (1985-1995). För mig som på ganska nära håll följde hur han tempramentsfullt förde ett hårt regemente är framställningen överraskande försonlig och överslätande. Han ger några gliringar men i regel ligger elakheterna gömda mellan raderna. Vissa antagonister behandlar han ännu infamare. De nämns överhuvud taget inte i boken. Jacques Delors är stolt över sin insats för Europa, men verkar i dag bitter och sårad över hur arvegodset förskingras. De flesta i dagens generation EU-ledare tycks han förakta; opportunister som inte tänker längre än till nästa opinionsundersökning. Dagens krisläge ger han apokalyptiska dimensioner. Antingen väljer Europa förstärkt gemenskap - i handling - eller så väntar bara Europas förfall. Sådan glödande domedagspredikan vill dagens politiska ledare inte höra på sina högmässor. De vill helst även slippa tros - och syndabekännelsen - och smita från kollekten. Därför vill de inte ha någon ny Jacques Delors. UK was right not to join flawed euro,
admits Jacques Delors JACQUES DELORS, the former President of the European Commission, fuelled the controversy over the euro yesterday by admitting that Britain was justified in opting out of the single currency because its launch was flawed. In a remarkably frank interview with The Times, the one-time bogeyman of Eurosceptics also predicted that Britain would stay out for years, not least because Gordon Brown was so passionate about his contempt for Europe. In another startling admission, the veteran French leftwinger said that the European Union was in a state of latent crisis because of weak leadership. He blamed member state leaders, including President Chirac of France, for putting national interests before the common good. M Delors, 78, also spoke with unexpected admiration of Baroness Thatcher, his old nemesis. He said that she was a figure who counts in British and European history, and the way her Conservative colleagues dumped her was an example of the atrocious manner in which male politicians treat female colleagues. But his most surprising comments were on the euro. He lamented that EU leaders had failed to heed his warning that monetary union must be matched with close co-ordination of economic policies, and argued that the euro was consequently less attractive than it could have been. Since we have not succeeded in maximising the economic advantages of the euro, one can understand the British . . . saying, Things are just fine as they are. Staying out of the euro hasnt stopped us prospering, he said. Denis MacShane, the Minister for Europe, said M Delors comments, vindicated the Governments sensible decision . . . to make economic conditions rather than ideology the central issue as far as the euro is concerned. But Michael Ancram, the Shadow Foreign Secretary, said: This is an extraordinary admission by M Delors. If a champion of European integration says that the euro hasnt worked, it shows how right Britain has been to stay out, doubly so if a more harmonised economic policy is proposed as the way forward. M Delors led the Commission for ten years, pushing through both the single market and the 1991 Maastricht treaty on monetary union, and has just published his memoirs. He spoke warmly of Britain, though he called its aversion to Europe a great mystery of history. But he was sharply critical of his own country. He deplored the opposition in France to the EUs imminent enlargement and President Chiracs attempts to lay down the law to the former Soviet bloc states because of their pro-American leanings. Jacques Delors kommer snart med sina
memorarer Och anledningen till att han en gång valde att tacka nej
till att bli socialistisk presidentkandidat var att han vägrar kompromissa
med sina åsikter. Mémoires är kort och gott namnet på den 500
sidor tjocka volymen. Fast när någon undrar om han inte kunnat komma
på något mer kryddat spritter det till i Jacques Delors. Han är rätt orolig efter de senaste turerna med stabilitetspakt och konstitution och undrar om Frankrike och Tyskland verkligen är fungerande nationer. Nu slipper fransmän och andra det dilemmat men Delors hade gärna sett en folkomröstning om konstitutionen. Olika folks tendens att säga nej i sådana val
avskräcker honom långt ifrån: EU-ismen skapas med nya kompromisser Jacques Delors said the EU's flagship
project of economic and monetary union was "not working", because of the
failure of governments to work together on fiscal policy. Jfr Göran Persson: Former European Union Commission
President, Jacques Delors says that the European Unions monetary and
economic policies arent in balance. In an interview published in Thursday's edition of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, he said that, although the European Central Bank was doing its part to implement effective monetary policy, there was a lack of "macroeconomic co-ordination" across Europe. Mr. Delors urged European Union member states to seek better and closer co-operation with the central bank, while he rejected proposals by politicians like French Prime Minister Lionel Jospin for an "economic government", which would place most economic decision-making at a European Union level. Mr Delors together with former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and former French president, Francois Mitterrand more than anyone pushed the euro through, when the Maastricht Treaty was adopted in 1992. In German television Mr Kohl said, he had been ready to leave office in the end of 1996 but decided to stay in order to pave way for the euro. Had I left, there would for sure not have been any euro, Mr Kohl declared as there was no majority for the common currency in Germany at the time. The euro will lead to closer integration in Europe in an irreversible process. The euro is not only a means of payment but a piece of European integration, Mr Kohl stated. Ny rapport om negativ svensk opinion:
"Äldre har bytt åsikt om EU" Ur förordet av Jacques Delors SvD-intervju 2000-03-06 Till skillnad från många av mina vänner bland
förkämparna för Europa har jag aldrig trott att ett fullbordat
EMU nödvändigtvis leder till en politisk union. Det behövs andra
saker för det. Historien går inte framåt maskerad. I
stället för att slåss mot spöken och stora slagord
måste man se verkligheten i ögonen. Var befinner sig EU? Vilka
överlåtelser av suveränitet har vi tillåtit? EU-kommissionens legendariske ordförande, Jacques Delors, är i dag pessimistisk om EU:s framtid. SvD:s korrespondent har träffat honom för ett samtal om EMU och det europeiska samarbetets utveckling. Om några dagar håller socialdemokraterna en extra kongress om Sveriges förhållande till EMU. Hur värderar ni erfarenheterna av EMU, drygt ett år från starten? - På det hela taget positivt. Naturligtvis fortsätter jag att anse att balansen inte är säkrad mellan penningpolitiken som ligger hos centralbanken ECB och den ekonomiska politiken som ministerrådet och kommissionen borde (kurs här) sköta. - Det kan bli olycksdigert om vi får antingen en asymmetrisk chock inom eurozonen eller en svagare ekonomisk tillväxt.
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